Electrical Stimulation Therapy

If 110 volts of electrical current is given to any human they will die instantly. A human can never become sensitized to electricity. Similarly a few milliamps of electricity will kill all Aids, Ebola, Dengue, TB or any other micro-organism. The bugs can never become resistant to electrical current.

D.C current is more deadly then AC.  Only 50 volts of DC current can Kill a human , so a few milliamps of 9-15 volt DC current will kill all or any bug in the body in 15 minutes. If you repeat this daily you will become resistant to any superbug in the world. All Russian astronauts use this device. To read how we have used this device please read the Lahore page and read the patients case reports.

CIDPUSA has tested this with a simple Tens unit and it works like magic. Allergies are gone, immune deficiency reverses, hair grow up , infertility is turned to fertility and infections are easily healed. This whole research has been put in our e-book.

One more interesting fact was that PTSD , drug addiction, sexual addiction was easily reversed at home with these units and they also helped in food poisoning, snake poisoning. If you used a unit you will not get food poisoning  even though the food may be toxic enough to kill others.

This is what you find in our e-book. Years of vaginal infections easily reversed in 30 minutes of treatment, dermatomyositis reversed, heart diseases and cancers disappear. All this from a simple tens unit.

Below is some history of electro treatment.

 

 

 

 

The history and origin of electrostimulation, also commonly referred to as electrotherapy, is unique. The therapeutic benefits of electricity were not discovered in a laboratory or clinic and were not a byproduct of someone's accidentally coming into contact with a bolt of lightening. In fact, electrotherapy originates as early as 400 BC from contact with the torpedo fish, which could produce electric shocks between 100 and 150 volts. Taken live from lakes and streams and placed on a painful area of the body, the torpedo fish produced a series of electric shocks that reduced and controlled pain.

In the mid 1700s the development of the Leyden Jar, which is a predecessor to the battery, provided the capacity to store electricity. As a result, physicians had more control over where, when, and how much current could be applied for therapeutic use. The advancement of the battery in the 1800s further developed electrotherapy, and in the latter half of the nineteenth century most physicians in America possessed at least one electrical stimulator. However, as with any new medical technology, electrotherapy was not readily accepted. This skepticism resulted in a decline of interest in electrotherapy toward the end of the [nineteenth] century (eMedicine Clinical Knowledge Base, 1996).

In 1965 electrotherapy regained its popularity when the gate control theory of pain was introduced. This theory proposed that pain perception depends on the balance of large- and small-diameter nerve fiber activity and that an increase in large nerve fiber activity can potentially "close the gate" to information going to the brain from small pain fibers. When the gate is closed, the transmission of pain signals to the brain is blocked.

Clinical evidence came in 1967 by Wall and Sweet, who reported that electrical nerve stimulation provided successful relief of chronic pain. Initially, electrodes had to be surgically implanted but it was discovered that current could be sent directly through the skin, eliminating the need for surgery. This therapeutic effectiveness in pain relief has led to other applications of electrotherapy by rehabilitative clinicians, including treating injured or diseased muscle and other soft-tissue conditions (Gersh, 1992).

This course reviews cell physiology and the response of muscle fibers to electrical stimulation, and presents the principles of electrical stimulation to aid the healthcare professional in decisions regarding indications and clinical applications.

THE PHYSIOLOGY UNDERLYING ELECTROSTIMULATION

Excitable Cell Membranes

 

 

The major therapeutic uses of electricity derive from muscle contractions or sensory stimulation or a combination of both, so it is important to review the general physiological effects of electricity on nerve and muscle tissues. Nerves and muscles are both excitable tissues, and this excitability is dependent on permeability of the cell membrane. The nerve or muscle-cell membrane regulates the interchange of substances from inside and outside the cells.

This cell permeability is voltage-sensitive, producing an unequal distribution of charged ions on either side of the cell membrane, which in turn creates a difference in electrical charge between the interior and exterior of the cell. When this charge occurs, the membrane is considered to be polarized. The potential difference between the inside and outside charge is known as the resting potential because the cell tries to maintain this difference in electrical charge as its normal homeostatic environment.

There is a greater concentration of diffusible positive ions outside the membrane than within it. The cell continuously moves positively charged sodium from inside to outside, and balances this by moving negatively charged potassium to the inside through a mechanism called active transport. A higher concentration of potassium occurs inside the cell, but the overall charge difference produces an electrical gradient with positive charge outside and negative charges inside (Gersh,1992).

THE PHYSICS OF ELECTROSTIMULATION

Alternating and Direct Current

Electrotherapeutic devices used in rehabilitation generate two different types of current that, when introduced into biological tissues, are capable of producing specific physiologic changes. These two current types are referred to as alternating and direct current. In alternating current, the electrons constantly change directions, reversing its polarity. Electrons flowing in alternating current always move from the negative to positive pole, reversing direction when the polarities are reversed.

Conversely, direct current is a unidirectional flow of electrons toward the positive pole. However, on most modern direct-current devices, the polarity and thus the direction of current flow can be reversed. Electrotherapeutic devices are usually further classified as being either high-voltage generators or low-voltage generators. The high-voltage devices produce waveforms (the visual representation of the current or voltage) within an amplitude of 115 volts and are greater and of relatively short duration (less than 10 msec) (Gersh, 1992).

Pulsed Current

Pulsed current is the unidirectional or bidirectional flow of charged particles that periodically stop for a limited period of time before the next event. More specifically, a pulse is an isolated electrical event separated by a finite period of time from the next event. A constant current source is preferable to a constant voltage source for most physiologic applications (Gersh, 1992; Prentice, 2001).

Three types of current.

Galvanic Current

The terms galvanic current and direct current are often used interchangeably. Historically, the term galvanic has been used to describe an uninterrupted direct-current form. High-volt pulsed galvanic electrical stimulators are considered to be useful in acute injuries associated with major tissue trauma accompanied by bleeding or swelling. Their direct current creates an electrical field over the treated area that, theoretically, changes blood flow.

Connected to two pads, galvanic stimulation uses a positive pad that behaves like ice, causing reduced circulation to the area under the pad and an associated reduction in swelling, and a negative pad that behaves like heat, causing increased circulation and reportedly speeding healing (Gersh,1992).

Interference Current

Interference current is based on the summation of two alternating-current signals of slightly different frequency. This results in current having a recurring modulation of amplitude, based on the difference in frequency between the two signals.

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

Iontophoresis

Iontophoresis, the process of increasing the penetration of drugs into the skin by application of an electric current, is commonly used by physical therapists for the purpose of delivering anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids. The groundwork for iontophoresis dates back to the early 1900s, with initial scientific experiments performed by a researcher named LeDuc.

The majority of units consist of a compact phoresor that operates with a 9-volt battery and two wire leads, each connected to an electrode. One electrode is the drug-delivery electrode intended for the anti-inflammatory, and the other is used as a dispersive electrode charged opposite to the anti-inflammatory ion. When the electrodes contain solutions of ions, negatively charged anions are repelled from the cathode into the body and positively charged cations are repelled into the targeted body area from the anode.

This effect is specific for ions of the same polarity as the electrode and, conversely, ions of the opposite polarity are not transferred into the body. Physical therapists use iontophoresis based on this penetration and distribution of ions primarily for controlling and reducing inflammation. This is applied while minimizing the systemic concentration caused by circulatory removal of the desired medication from the targeted area.

Two typical prerequisites for treatment with iontophoresis are that the medication must be charged (or modified to carry a charge) and that the inflammatory process be near the body surface (i.e. a superficial muscle or tendon rather than a deeper muscle tendon bursa) (Costello, 1995).

The effectiveness of the ion transport system remains controversial. For example, some researchers have proposed that all the material delivered through the skin with iontophoresis is removed by the subcutaneous circulation and circulated around the body, providing little if any local concentration to the intended region. Conversely, other researchers have shown with animal studies that ions and other substances do penetrate and do provide local concentration.

In the physical therapy setting, constant direct current has been commonly used in iontophoresis applications. However because of concern over pH changes, some researchers contend that a method of producing a more "consistent" constant current should be used to provide current while the skin resistance is changing. Because of potential skin charge accumulation and skin irritation due to pH changes, modulated currents have been used with success on laboratory animals. Pulsed currents have proved to be as effective or more effective in the delivery of small ions. Such studies indicate the need for physical therapists to consider and investigate the use of currents other than the traditional continuous monophasic current for iontophoresis.

Corticosteroids are the principal drugs used with iontophoresis in physical therapy because they have an anti-inflammatory effect and are relatively inexpensive. Dexamethasone is available in a somewhat more stable dissolved form and is therefore often used with iontophoresis. Some clinicians recommend treatments using a current of 4 mA for 10 minutes. This current is thought necessary to penetrate into the deeper tissues; however, treatment times greater than 10 minutes are less likely to achieve any greater tissue concentration due to circulatory removal of the medication.

Still other clinicians propose a current of 2.0 mA for 20 minutes for more superficial areas with a chronic inflammatory condition. More recent advances in this technology have introduced a disposable single-use iontophoresis system with an internal battery and current limiting circuitry. This method provides a constant drug delivery for an 80 mA-minute treatment and can deliver both negatively and positively charged drug ions. It operates at a low current and is worn for 24 hours to deliver the desired dose. The unit is designed to begin a treatment as soon as it is hydrated and applied to the skin, and stop the treatment at approximately 80 mA-minutes (Morris, 2003; Reena Rai, 2005).

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of the most commonly used forms of electrostimulation for pain relief. Numerous clinical reports exist regarding the use of TENS for conditions such as low back pain, myofascial and arthritic pain, neurogenic pain, and postsurgical pain. The method of pain reduction produced by TENS is explained by the gate control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965. The "gate" between the level of the spinal cord and the pain centers of the brain usually is closed, thereby inhibiting constant nociceptive transmission by way of C fibers from the periphery to the T cell.

A TENS unit consists of one or more electric signal generators, a battery, and a set of electrodes. The units are small and programmable, and the generators can deliver uninterrupted forms of stimuli with variable current strengths, pulse rates, and pulse widths. The preferred waveform is biphasic, which helps avoid the electrolytic and iontophoretic effects of a unidirectional current. A variety of newer transcutaneous or percutaneous electrical stimulation modalities are emerging as technology advances (Jarzem, 2005).

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Jeffrey Larson, PT, ATC