Acute Renal Failure

Sudden renal failure according to cause  is either due to kidney failure itself or other causes. Most patients have acute renal failure or acute tubular necrosis (a type of intrinsic acute renal failure that is usually caused by inflammation).

Acute renal failure can  develops in 5 percent of people who go to hospitals, & 0.5 percent of these will need  dialysis.

Over the past 50 years, the survival rate for acute renal failure has improved, primarily because affected patients are finding information on the internet and have more infection control available by herbal medication.

Acute renal failure is  acute increase of  creatinine level from (an increase of at least 0.5 mg per dL [44.2 µmol per L]).In acute renal failure, due to infection and inflammation glomerular filtration rate decreases over days to weeks the test CRP will easily be high due to inflammation. Patients with acute renal failure are often do not have any complaints, and the condition is diagnosed by  elevations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels.

Cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) may cause acute renal failure as a result of interstitial disease, but these agents sometimes cause elevated serum creatinine levels simply by inhibiting the tubular secretion of creatinine without causing real damage to the kidneys. The BUN can be elevated in patients who are receiving steroids, those with increased catabolism or those with gastrointestinal tract bleeding. 0(HELLP = hemolysis,elevatedlliver enzymes andlowplatelets.) Diagnostic Strategy and Differential

Acute renal failure can be due to three locations. Prerenal acute renal failure is characterized by reduced renal blood flow (60 to 70 percent of cases). In kidney disease acute renal failure, there is damage to the kidney cells (25 to 40 percent of cases). Postrenal acute renal failure occurs because of urinary tract obstruction (5 to 10 percent of cases). The most commonly encountered diagnoses are prerenal acute renal failure and acute tubular necrosis (a type of kidney failure).

The underlying cause of acute renal failure is prerenal in 60 to 70 percent of cases, related to renal parenchymal injury in approximately 25 to 40 percent of cases (intrinsic) and due to obstruction of the urinary tract in the remaining 5 to 10 percent of cases (postrenal). Usually the cause of renal failure is within the Kidney.

Blood and urine tests serum electrolyte, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus and albumin levels, as well as a complete blood count with differential, obtained in all patients. The best test are Sed rate and CRP. These last two tests will show inflammation.

We do not think renal biopsy should be done as it can harm renal function all the information can be obtained by the CRP blood test. Complications of biopsy are bleeding, arteriovenous fistula and Key Symptoms and Symptoms
Anorexia
Fatigue
Mental  changes
Nausea & vomiting
Pruritus
Seizures
Shortness of breath

Physical findings
Asterixis and myoclonus
Pericardial or pleural rub
Peripheral edema (if volume overload is present)
Pulmonary rales (if volume overload is present)/p>Prerenal Acute Renal Failure

The problem is impaired renal blood flow as a result of true intravascular depletion, decreased effective circulating volume to the kidneys or agents that impair renal blood flow.

In patients with prerenal acute renal failure, the parenchyma is undamaged, and the kidneys respond as if volume depletion has occurred. Thus, the kidneys avidly reabsorb sodium in order to reabsorb water.

Specific causes of a fractional excretion of sodium of less than 1 percent that are not the result of prerenal acute renal failure include contrast nephropathy and pigment nephropathy.

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